【08.08.29 BBC】奥运是否改善了中国的人权?
【08.08.29 BBC】奥运是否改善了中国的人权?【原文标题】Did the Games improve rights in China?
【中文标题】奥运是否改善了中国的人权?
【登载媒体】BBC
【来源地址】[url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7588652.stm]http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7588652.stm[/url]
【译者】荡漾
[color=red]【声明】本翻译供Anti－CNN使用，转载请注明译者及出处。
[/color]【原文】(by Jill McGivering)
[b]When China was awarded the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee promised the granting of the Games would be "a force for good".[/b]
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So what impact did the Games really have where China's human rights are concerned?
The immediate impact was both positive and negative.
On the plus side, tough restrictions on foreign journalists were lifted in the run-up to and during the Games, giving much greater media access. (Those more liberal rules expire in October and an important question is whether they are renewed.)
Also, the looming Games made China more sensitive than usual to international criticism. That eagerness for the Games not to be "spoiled" may have contributed to progress in other, more general, areas.
It may have influenced, for example, the introduction of a new process for better overseeing criminal convictions that result in the death penalty. It may have stiffened China's resolve in its on-going battle against pollution.
[b]Absurdities[/b]
But there were obvious negatives. The forced evictions which made the Olympic construction possible. The bolstering of security forces throughout the country and especially in Beijing.
The pressure on dozens of activists, who, according to reports, were forced to leave Beijing for the summer, confined to their homes or even arrested as part of the general suppression of dissent.
At times, China's attempts to conform to international expectations on human rights - without always understanding the spirit of these expectations - led to absurdities.
It was extraordinary for the authorities to designate three municipal parks as protest zones - and then refuse permission to any of the people who applied to protest there. Even worse, some of those who applied were promptly arrested.
In a sense, this was China struggling to pay lip service to an international idea of human rights without breaching its own boundaries.
[b]Staging post?[/b]
Some commentators find this outrageous. They see these failures as further evidence that China broke its Olympic-related promises on human rights.
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Others say it was misguided from the first to expect the Olympic Games to deliver greater political openness. That also raises a broader question: whether the Olympic Games should be a measuring stick for human rights at all.
Some say not. China is pursuing its own independent path. The Games may be a staging post along the way but it was never supposed to be the destination.
And although China clearly has many criticisms to face concerning aspects of human rights, it has - just as clearly - come a long way already.
Many social and economic freedoms in today's China are vastly greater than a decade ago. People have more freedom of movement, of employment, more opportunity. Millions have been lifted out of poverty.
The media explosion has brought more entertainment, more information and more choice in everything from TV and radio to magazines and the internet.
It is clear to any foreign visitor that people across China have a new confidence, new pride, new wealth and a new dynamism. Much of this has come from the country's extraordinary economic growth but it relates too to China's authoritarian but generally efficient governance.
[b]Heavy-handed
[/b]
But these freedoms are limited and exist as long as certain lines are not crossed.
Political threats to the omnipotence or authority of the Communist Party will not be tolerated.
Criticism of officials and of political policy - whether by individuals, organisations or the media - is not seen as acceptable and is likely to be dealt with in a heavy-handed way.
China's leadership sees it as a priority to defend and maintain its sovereign territory, whether that entails the bloody suppression of protests in Tibet or the security crackdown on Muslim separatists in Xinjiang.
[b]Test to come
[/b]
So, as a result of the Olympics, how has China's image been affected? It has left the rest of the world in no doubt that China is a rising power; a power which is modern, efficient and dynamic.
But it is equally clear that, when it comes to political and some civil rights, China is still repressive.
Perhaps the biggest question is: what happens next? Now the Games are over, will China be spurred further along the path of reform? Or, now the pressure has eased, will it be even less inclined to accept criticism from the rest of the world?
【译文】[/align][align=left]
[b]当中国被授予奥运会举办权时国际奥委会承诺保证北京奥运将会是“积极的推动力”。[/b][/align][align=left]
那么奥运对人们所关注的中国人权问题究竟有什么影响？[/align][align=left]
直接影响积极面与消极面并存。[/align][align=left]
有利的一面是中国在奥运前和奥运期间解除了对外国记者的严格限制，给予媒体访问更大的自由。（那些新增的自由规定10月到期，一个重要的问题随之而来：他们是否将继续有效？）[/align][align=left]
还有，随着奥运的到来中国对国际批评相比于往常显得越发敏感。"奥运绝不能被破坏"的渴望可能也促使了其他更广泛领域的进步。[/align][align=left]
例如它已经给中国法律带来新条例，对导致死刑的犯罪量刑起到更好的监督作用。同时也坚定了中国继续与污染作斗争的决心。[/align]
[align=left][b]荒谬[/b][/align]
[align=left] 但也有明显的消极面，包括为了奥运工程强行动迁以及波及全国特别是北京地区安保力量的加强。[/align][align=left]
还有施于许多人权活动家的压力。据报道他们被迫在这个夏天离开北京或是呆在家里不许外出或作为针对异见人士广泛镇压的一分子遭到逮捕。[/align][align=left]
有时候中国努力要迎合国际社会就人权的期望，却总不能真正理解这些期望的精髓，荒谬因此随之而来。[/align][align=left]
对中国当局来说指定三个城市公园作为抗议示威区是不同寻常的，之后却拒绝了所有人提出的示威申请。更糟糕的是有些申请者随即被逮捕。[/align][align=left]
某种意义上，这就是中国——在不超越自己底线的前提下勉强向国际社会就人权问题的意见给予口头服务（意指形式主义）。[/align][align=left]
[b]途中站?[/b][/align][align=left] 一些评论家认为这种局面是难以容忍的。他们将这些失败看作更深入的证据说明中国违背了与奥运有关的就人权作出的承诺。[/align][align=left]
而另一些则说期待奥运带来更大的政治开放从一开始就走错了方向。由此产生一个更大的问题：奥运会到底是否应该成为人权的衡量标杆？[/align][align=left]
有些人说不应该。中国正在走自己独立发展的道路，奥运会是这条道路上的途中一站，却不会是终点站。[/align][align=left]
尽管中国显然需要面对许多有关人权的指责，但它，同样地，已经走过了很长一段路（意指付出了一定的努力取得了一定的成果）。[/align][align=left]
今天的中国相比10年前社会和经济方面的自由获得了极大的进步。人们有更多的自由迁移、就业，拥有更多的机会。数百万人脱离了贫困线。[/align][align=left]
媒体业的发展使得人们可以通过电视、广播到杂志、互联网获得更多的娱乐、信息和机会。[/align][align=left]
任何一个外国游客都会发现中国人民如今有着新的自信、新的自豪感、新的财富和新的活力……主要是因为这个国家惊人的经济增长，但它也和中国当局专制却基本有效的管理有关。[/align][align=left]
[b]铁腕[/b][/align]
[align=left] 不过这些自由还是有限度的，一旦触及某些不可逾越的界限就会嘎然而止。[/align][align=left]
对中共的权威发起政治威胁是不能忍受的。[/align][align=left]
对官员和政策的批评，无论来自个人还是组织或是媒体看起来都是不被接受的，可能会被动用铁腕方法加以处理。[/align][align=left]
中国领导人的首要任务就是保护和捍卫它至高无上的权力统治。这导致了西藏抗议的血腥镇压以及针对穆斯林疆独分子的安全镇压。[/align][align=left]
[b]即将到来的考验[/b][/align]
[align=left] 因此，奥运会给中国形象带来了怎样的影响？毫无疑问中国作为一股新生力量让世界其他国家瞩目，现代化、高效、充满活力。[/align][align=left]
但同样明显的是在涉及政治和一些公民权利的问题上，中国依旧专制。[/align][align=left]
也许最重要的问题是：接下来会发生什么？现在奥运会已经结束，中国是否会在改革的道路上更进一步？换句话说，现在压力已经解除，中国是否会倾向于更少聆听来自世界的批评声？
【截图】[/align][align=left][attach]67522[/attach][/align]
[[i] 本帖最后由 ltbriar 于 2008-9-9 11:21 编辑 [/i]]
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