【08.9.5 纽约时报】中国承认地震中建设缺陷
【文章来源】纽约时报【链接】 [url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/world/asia/05china.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss]http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/world/asia/05china.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss[/url]
China Admits Building Flaws in Quake
Shiho Fukada for The New York Times
The remains of the Dongqi Middle School in Hanwang, China, which collapsed in the May 12 quake, killing at least 240 students.
By EDWARD WONG
Published: September 4, 2008
BEIJING — A Chinese government committee said Thursday that a rush to build schools during the country’s recent economic boom might have led to shoddy construction that resulted in the deaths of thousands of students during a devastating earthquake in May.
Skip to next paragraph
Related
Times Topics: Sichuan Earthquake
Enlarge This Image
Shiho Fukada for The New York Times
Relatives and friends of those killed in the collapse of a school in Sichuan Province gathered in June. Some estimates said up to 10,000 students might have died.
The statement by Ma Zongjin, the chairman of an official committee of experts assessing damage from the May 12 earthquake, is the first time that a representative of the Chinese government has acknowledged that poor construction may have led to the collapses. Until now, officials in Beijing and in southwest China’s Sichuan Province, which suffered the most damage, had said the sheer force of the 7.9-magnitude quake caused the collapses.
The school collapses have become the most politically sensitive issue to emerge in the aftermath of the earthquake. This summer, grieving parents held street protests to challenge local governments and demand that officials conduct proper investigations into construction quality. Local officials felt so threatened by the parents that they ordered the riot police to break up protests — officers even dragged away crying mothers — and offered the parents compensation money in exchange for their dropping their demands.
Many schools in the earthquake zone crumbled while buildings around them remained standing. According to some estimates, as many as 7,000 classrooms collapsed and up to 10,000 students may have died. In all, nearly 70,000 people died in the quake and 18,000 are considered missing; officials now say those still missing are almost certainly dead. The quake was the deadliest natural disaster in China in more than three decades.
At a news conference in Beijing on Thursday, Mr. Ma said more than 1,000 schools suffered from at least one of two major problems: they were built on the fault line and collapsed like many other buildings around them, or they were poorly built.
This second problem “is the construction quality of the building itself — its structure is not completely sound or its materials are not very strong, which is possible,” Mr. Ma said. “Recently, we’ve built school buildings relatively fast, so some construction problems might exist.”
Mr. Ma also acknowledged how important the issue had become to the public, and said the government had sent 2,000 experts to the quake zone to examine the schools.
“This is an issue people are paying attention to,” he said. “First, the parents of schoolchildren are paying a lot of attention, as well as education departments. And even people across the entire country are very much paying attention to this issue.”
When the teams from the central government showed up in the quake zone, some local officials wanted to exaggerate to them the intensity of the earthquake so that poor construction or corruption would not be blamed for building collapses, Mr. Ma said. Some officials also wanted to report greater financial losses in their areas than what had actually occurred to get more aid money, he added.
Shi Peijun, vice chairman of the earthquake committee, said at the news conference that the total direct financial loss from the earthquake was $123 billion.
Mr. Ma did not give any further details on the findings of the experts or say when the government would release a final report. The purpose of the news conference was to update reporters on recovery efforts. Mr. Ma did not mention the school collapses until he was asked about them.
It is well known that construction firms and other companies often cut corners in China’s rapidly growing economy. But it is rare for government officials to admit to reporters not only that the problem exists, but that it could have fatal consequences, as Mr. Ma did. If properly conducted, further investigations into school construction could implicate local governments, which ordered up the buildings and are supposed to have inspectors who ensure compliance with codes.
Some Chinese news organizations are once again taking a more aggressive approach to the issue of the school collapses, even though the central government ordered the news media to stop any such reporting. Xinhua, the state news agency, reported Mr. Ma’s comments on Thursday and said the large number of student deaths had “aroused wide suspicion and anger over shoddy construction and substandard materials allegedly used to build schools.”
An article in the latest issue of Caijing, a news magazine that sometimes criticizes official views, questioned why the government had still not released a tally of the students who died in the quake.
Mr. Shi said at the news conference that officials were still classifying the dead and that the final numbers would be released.
[img]http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/09/05/world/crying190.jpg[/img]
Despite Mr. Ma’s admission that poor construction might have been at fault in the school collapses, grieving parents or families of survivors will have a hard time suing construction companies or local governments, a well-known civil lawyer said in an interview on Thursday.
The lawyer, Pu Zhiqiang, said he would advise parents not to file a lawsuit because few if any courts would accept it. Even if the case were to go to trial, he said, the plaintiffs would have to gather substantial evidence to establish the culpability of the government or the construction company.
Over the summer, local governments in Sichuan Province began offering angry parents cash payments if the parents promised in writing not to raise the issue of school construction. The governments acted as if they were corporations seeking to settle embarrassing lawsuits.
Many parents signed but said they were still furious at the local governments for not carrying out any proper investigations. Around the same time, several governments began bulldozing the remnants of collapsed schools, closing the door on any chance to collect further evidence.
Three parents or relatives of children who died in separate school collapses on May 12 said in telephone interviews on Thursday that local governments had yet to issue any findings.
One woman, Huang Lianfen, the aunt of an 18-year-old boy who died in Hanwang, said parents met with local officials last month to demand more compensation. But the officials refused to give more money and said the collapse of Dongqi Middle School was solely because of the earthquake.
China Daily, the official English-language newspaper, reported Thursday that 21 tremors of magnitude 5 or higher have struck China in the first eight months of this year. On average, the country experiences 18 such quakes per year, the report said. The latest tremor hit the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan on Saturday, killing at least 32 people and leaving about 1.2 million people homeless.
Huang Yuanxi and Zhang Jing contributed research.
Huang Yuanxi and Zhang Jing contributed research.[img]http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/09/04/us/china_600.11.jpg[/img]
[[i] 本帖最后由 stenphen1 于 2008-9-8 04:47 编辑 [/i]] 北京-中国政府委员会说，周四，在一个急于兴建学校期间，该国最近的经济繁荣可能导致伪劣建设，导致死亡的数以千计的学生在五月的破坏性地震。
亲人和朋友，被杀害者在倒塌的一所学校的四川省堆积，6月。有人估计说，截至上万学生可能已经死亡。
声明中，由马宗晋，一个官方委员会的主席专家评估损害，从5月12日的地震，这是第一次，代表中国政府已经承认，可怜的建设可能导致坍塌。直至目前为止，官员在北京和在中国西南的四川省，其中受害最深的损害，曾表示，纯粹的力量7.9级地震，地震造成的坍塌。
学校倒塌，已成为政治上最敏感的问题出现在地震后。今年夏天，悲痛的父母举行街头抗议活动，以挑战地方政府，并要求官员进行适当的调查，施工质量。当地官员认为受到威胁，家长说，他们下令防暴警察驱散抗议-人员，甚至拖走哭泣的母亲-和家长提供的赔偿金以换取家长放弃要求。
很多学校在地震区崩溃，而他们周围的建筑物仍然常委会。根据一些估计，有多达7000间教室倒塌，截至上万学生可能已经死亡。在所有，有近7.0万人死亡，在地震和1.8万顷考虑失踪;官员说，现在那些仍然失踪的是几乎可以肯定死亡。地震是最致命的自然灾害在中国的三十几年。
周四在北京举行的新闻发布会，马先生说， 1000个以上的学校遭受至少有一两个主要问题：他们建立在断层线和倒塌像其他许多建筑物周围，或他们不懂得兴建。
这第二个问题“是施工质量的建设本身-它的结构是不完全健全或其材料不是很强烈，这是可能的， ”马先生说。 “最近，我们已经建立了校舍比较快，所以一些建设问题，这些问题可能存在” 。
马先生也承认，已成为是多么重要的问题，并向市民说，政府已发出了2000年专家到灾区研究学校。
“这是一个问题，人们关注的， ”他说。 “首先，家长学童付出了很多的关注，以及教育部门。和全国人民，甚至整个国家都非常重视这个问题“ 。
当车队从中央政府的出现在灾区，一些地方官员想夸大他们的强度地震，使穷人的建设或贪污，不会造成建筑倒塌，马先生说。一些官员还希望报告更大的财政损失，在其职权范围内，比实际发生的，以获得更多援助的钱，他补充说。
史培军，副委员长，地震委员会说，在新闻发布会上说，总的直接经济损失，从地震一千二百三十零点零亿美元。
马先生没有提供任何进一步的细节上的调查结果，该专家或时说，政府将释放出一个最后报告。的目的，新闻发布会是要更新对记者复苏的努力。马先生并没有提到学校倒塌，直到他问到了他们。
这是人所共知的建筑公司和其他公司往往偷工减料，在中国的经济快速增长。但它是罕见的政府官员向记者承认，不仅这个问题存在，但它可以产生致命的后果，正如马先生没有。如果适当地进行，进一步调查纳入学校建设可以牵扯地方政府，下令成立的建筑物和假定有督察谁确保遵守的守则。
中国一些新闻机构再次采取更积极的态度来的问题，学校倒塌，即使中央政府下令新闻媒体，停止任何此类报告。日电，国家通讯社报道，马先生的意见，对周四和说，大批学生死亡“引起社会广泛的怀疑和愤怒伪劣建筑和不合规格的材料，据称用来兴建学校” 。
一篇文章，在最新一期的财经，新闻杂志，有时候批评官方的意见，质疑，为何政府至今尚未公布的统计的学生谁死在地震中。
石先生说，在新闻发布会上说，官员们仍然分类死亡，并最终数字将获得释放。
尽管马先生的承认，穷人的建设可能已在故障在学校的崩溃，悲痛的父母或家庭的幸存者，将有一个艰难的起诉建筑公司或地方政府，一家著名的民间律师在接受采访时周四表示。
浦志强律师说，他会建议家长不要提起诉讼，因为几乎没有任何法院会接受它。即使案件到审判，他说，原告将收集的大量证据，以确定责任的政府或建筑公司。
整个夏季，地方政府在四川省开始提供愤怒的家长支付的现金，如果父母的承诺，不以书面形式提出的学校的建设问题。政府充当如果他们中间人寻求解决尴尬的官司。
许多家长签署，但表示他们仍在疯狂在地方政府没有进行任何适当的调查。约在同一时间，几个国家的政府开始用推土机推倒的残余势力倒塌的学校，关闭的大门对任何机会，搜集进一步的证据。
3个在不同的学校倒塌死亡的儿童的父母亲属， 5月12日说，在周四电话访谈，地方政府还没有发出任何的结果。
一名女子，黄lianfen ，姑姑的今年18岁的男孩死亡，谁在韩旺说，家长会面，与当地官员上个月要求更多赔偿。但官员拒绝给予更多的钱，并表示崩溃dongqi中学是，纯粹是因为地震。
中国日报，官方英语华文报纸报道， 21周四的地震，震级5或更高已在中国首8个月的这一年。平均而言，国家的经验，例如地震18 ％ ，今年，该报告说。最新的地震袭击的省份四川，云南对周六，造成至少32人，并留下约120万人无家可归。
[[i] 本帖最后由 stenphen1 于 2008-9-8 04:45 编辑 [/i]] 如果地震，我们这边很多学校可能也会存在校舍大面积坍塌的问题。
因为，很多地方的房子，包括校舍，都是砖混的！
在八级地震中，转混的房子有几个会不倒的？
那里不是大城市，甚至连二线城市都不是！只是农村和县城！
那些貌似正义的人，很多都是大城市生活的吧？！
你们知道现在县城和农村，多数都是转混的房子吗？
与其在那里搏击所谓腐败，不如多关心关心以后的校舍建设！
不要再一点点钱，就盖一个学校了！ 必须把有问题的建筑商和官员揪出来 教育腐败是最令人揪心的 越是偏远不发达的地方建筑质量政府素质就越差,这不只是腐败的问题还有穷和观念落后的问题,说到底发展才是硬道理Q76)
页:
[1]